Infrastructure-native Wasm for faster performance of computationally heavy workloads
We've been working to make it easier for every developer to build at the Edge, without complicated setup or changes to their workflow. Now, with support for WebAssembly in Vercel Edge Functions, we've made it possible to compile and run Vercel Edge Functions with languages like Rust, Go, C, and more.
Note: This post is historical. Product names and runtime guidance may have changed. For new projects, use Vercel Functions with the Node.js runtime and Fluid compute. Use Routing Middleware for request-time routing before a response completes.
WebAssembly (Wasm) is a low-level language similar to Assembly. It’s commonly supported by JavaScript virtual machines like V8, the engine behind our open-source Edge Runtime, and acts as a compilation target for many programming languages. At launch, supporting Wasm at the edge made it possible to run Wasm-compatible workloads on Vercel infrastructure.
Link to headingRun more languages on the Edge
WebAssembly lets you take an existing library written in a different language — for example, libpng, which generates PNG images and is written in C, or maybe even PHP — and use that directly in Edge Functions.
If you’re using Vercel Functions today because your code has a dependency on some C or Rust code, by recompiling that to Wasm, you may be able to move that to Edge Functions.
This functionality is especially helpful for things like encoding and decoding binary data, which often performs bitwise manipulations on integers. Bitshifting and XORs are fairly natural to write in a language that uses C-like semantics. Take this line of code from the splitmix 32 PRNG:
z = (z ^ (z >> 16)) * 0x85ebca6b;Line of code from the splitmix32 PRNG
Although this is also valid JavaScript code, because of the way JavaScript handles arithmetic, it has a completely different result. JavaScript requires workarounds like Math.imul and the unsigned right shift operator (>>>) to operate on unsigned 32 bit integers.
z = Math.imul((z ^ (z >>> 16)), 0x85ebca6b);JavaScript often requires workarounds for arithmetic
Both languages let you achieve the same results, however, you have to go out of your way to use the special JavaScript functions and operators, and not using them leads to subtle bugs.
WebAssembly lets you write idiomatic code in the language of your choice and run it on the Edge.
Link to headingFaster execution with WebAssembly
Finally, using WebAssembly is often faster than the same code in JavaScript. Although our Edge Network is carefully optimized for running JavaScript, WebAssembly will still be 2-3 times faster for computationally heavy workloads. And with SIMD extensions, a compiler may be able to optimize your arithmetic even more.
This example maze-solving application creates a maze and brute forces a solution using the “right-hand rule” both in JavaScript and C compiled to WebAssembly. The WebAssembly version is more than twice as fast. This shows that for some use cases, like tight loops and computationally heavy code, WebAssembly is usually the fastest way to run in Vercel Edge Functions.
Link to headingGetting started
For current projects, see the WebAssembly runtime reference and Vercel Functions. Existing Edge Runtime projects can still use WebAssembly where supported.